Pdf effective control of black sigatoka disease using a. Black sigatoka of banana africa soil health consortium cabi. From 1912 to 1923, banana plantations in the sigatoka valley suffered severe episodes of a fungal infection known as the yellow sigatoka disease. Black sigatoka definition of black sigatoka by merriamwebster. The two pathogens can be distinguished morphologically essentially on conidia and conidiophore characteristics. The disruption of photosynthesis can reduce fruit yield by up to 50%. Black sigatoka first appeared in the western hemisphere in honduras in 1972, and then spread rapidly to other producing areas on the mainland. Impact black sigatoka is the most serious leaf disease of banana and plantains, and is widespread throughout the tropics. Black sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak, is the most economic important leaf spot disease of bananas in the region affecting a wide range of cultivars and often completely defoliating more vulnerable cultivars before fruit bunches are mature.
Movement restrictions from the far northern biosecurity zones 1 and 2 pdf, 334kb are in place to prevent black sigatoka from spreading. Battling black sigatoka disease in the banana industry. Little is known about the presence of sigatoka leaf diseases of banana in south africa. Black sigatoka definition of black sigatoka by merriam. It is considered the most destructive foliar disease and the one that causes the greatest economic impact in banana and plantain crops, with the potential to cause losses of up to 50% of yield. Black sigatoka s versatility makes it a veritable foe of all plantation owners, particularly of smallholder farmers. Black sigatoka, which is also called black leaf streak, is a threat to banana plants in many southern countries. Pathogenic variability in mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. Thus, biological control for the disease is deemed a wise alternative. Control of black sigatoka is based mainly on weekly applications of fungicides.
Clean your shower and tub in less than 6 minutes duration. Banana black sigatoka disease horticulture and home. Banana black sigatoka disease prevention and treatment project st. Black sigatoka is a devastating leaf disease of bananas around the world. Banana cultivation black sigatoka and panama disease wur.
Biological control of banana black sigatoka disease with trichoderma. Four isolates were able to significantly reduce disease severity. The disease the fungus caused was called black sigatoka. It is forcing banana producers to use more and more fungicides with detrimental effects on the environment and economic sustainability of banana production.
It is caused by the airborne fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, which is spread from tree to tree by wind, rain, and irrigation water splashes. Mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, wh i c h causes black leaf streak disease blsd, and m. Black sigatoka, caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis, is a leaf disease of banana and plantain worldwide. Black sigatoka bs is a foliar disease of bananas and plantains caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet. There is also evidence to suggest that the disease can be spread by contaminated fruit shipments. Pdf black sigatoka disease mycosphaerella fijiensismorelet in. Control of black sigatoka farmers who are in charge of cultivating bananas know how persistent black sigatoka can be in damaging acres of the herb. Oct 18, 2012 sigatoka leaf spot is a serious disease of banana that destroys large areas of plantations resulting in severe reduction in fruit yield.
Black sigatoka, which is also known as black leaf streak, causes significant reductions in leaf area, yield losses of 50% or more, and premature ripening, a serious defect in exported fruit. Mar 23, 2005 the name black sigatoka was given to the disease because it was first discovered in 1963 in the sigatoka valley of fiji. Black sigatoka disease of banana is one of, if not the most, devastating disease of banana leaves. Black sigatokas versatility makes it a veritable foe of all plantation owners, particularly of smallholder farmers. What kinds of banana plant pests and diseases are there. The commercial cultivars nendran and robusta are highly suscept. Disease models banana disease model black sigatoka biology black sigatoka infection model the sigatoka infection model on fieldclimate. Black sigatoka, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis anamorph pseudocercospora fijiensis, is considered the most destructive banana disease in brazil and in several other latin american countries senhor et al. The first sign of the disease is redbrown streaks, parallel to the veins, about 15 mm. Black sigatoka management also comprises cultural practices such as excising the. Battling black sigatoka disease in the banana industry issue brief banana and plantain production plays an important social, economic and cultural role in the lives of rural communities in many of the countries of the lesser antilles and in guyana and suriname. Pdf in 2001, an incursion of mycosphaerella fijiensis, the causal agent of black sigatoka, was detected in australias largest commercial banana. The name black sigatoka was given to the disease because it was first discovered in 1963 in the sigatoka valley of fiji.
Black sigatoka, or black leaf streak, is a widespread disease of bananas, caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis. In hawaii it occurs most severely in highrainfall areas. It was named by rhodes 1964 as black leaf streak, but it was later renamed black sigatoka wardlaw, 1972. The banana plant, musa paradisiaca, is the worlds largest herbaceous perennial plant and belongs to the family musaceae.
It is more damaging and difficult to control than the related yellow sigatoka disease, and has a wider host range that includes the plantains and dessert and abb cooking bananas that are usually not affected by yellow sigatoka. Black leaf streak disease, or black sigatoka, is caused by the fungus pseudocercospora fijiensis, and has been identified as a major constraint to global production of banana and plantain. It is estimated that 1520% of the price of bananas is due to the cost of the disease control measures that are used to produce the fruit. The case studies black sigatoka charles darwin university. Fungicides are routinely used in commercial plantations to control black leaf streak blsd and sigatoka leaf spot, as well as postharvest diseases. Aug 11, 2016 black sigatoka disease of banana is one of, if not the most, devastating disease of banana leaves. Effective control of black sigatoka disease using a microbial. Battling black sigatoka disease in the banana industry food and. Effective control of black sigatoka disease using a microbial fungicide based on bacillus subtilis eacb0015 culture h i g h l i g h t s. Black sigatoka disease eradication strategies australasian plant p athology 193 klein hh 1960 control of cercospora leaf spot of bananas with application of oil sprays based on the disease cycle. Black sigatoka is a very destructive disease to the foliage of banana trees. Biological control of banana black sigatoka disease with. Sigatoka leaf spot is a serious disease of banana that destroys large areas of plantations resulting in severe reduction in fruit yield. Pdf biological control of banana black sigatoka disease.
Approach to control black sigatoka disease of banana caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis luis perezvicente senior plant pathologist, inisav, ministry of agriculture, cuba. Sigatoka leaf spot popularly known as yellow sigatoka is a fungal disease caused by pseudocercospora musicola formerly mycosphaerella musicola. Read more about black sigatoka and the research of wageningen ur. Black sigatoka aps journals the american phytopathological. Global banana production is under critical attack by widespread fungal diseases. Banana diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Plantain, banana, black sigatoka disease, mycosphaerella fijiensis. Black sigatoka disease of bananas also known as black leaf streak, caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet, was first recorded as a serious disease of bananas in the fiji islands of the south pacific in 1964 rhodes 1964. Predicting the rate of development of black sigatoka mycosphaerellafijiensis var. This problem, also known as black sigatoka, is the most important disease of banana musa species worldwide. Today, black sigatoka has replaced yellow sigatoka in most regions of the world. It was the first leaf spot disease to have a global impact on bananas but has since been largely displaced by black leaf streak in many banana production areas.
A multiple regression equation relating disease incidence, accumulated where p 4 is the accumulated precipitation in a 4wk period and r1 is the. Management is by using tolerant or resistant varieties. A holistic integrated management approach to control black sigatoka. Predicting the rate of development of black sigatoka. Build three facilities and install associated equipment designed to support the prevention of banana black sigatoka. Identification of the pathogen associated with sigatoka disease of. Sigatoka disease, one of the most dangerous diseases to bananas and plantains, is caused by a fungus. Its management is reliant on protectant and systemic fungicides despite their environmental concerns. Black sigatoka disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus pseudocercospora fijiensis, and this pathogen is part of the larger sigatoka disease complex that is made up of p.
Control of black sigatoka to protect banana plantations. Black sigatoka disease caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis morelet is the most devastating disease of bananas worldwide. Black sigatoka is an important banana disease in many countries around the world. The production and cultivation of disease resistant cultivars in combination with good cultural practices is generally considered to be the most appropriate intervention strategies that would control black sigatoka disease of plantains and bananas. On infected leaves the fungus continuously produces. Establish a suitable model for the prevention of banana black sigatoka. Black sigatoka sometimes referred to as black leaf streak is caused by the fungus. Banana research all about fusarium wilt and black sigatoka. Ga 163reg caribbean agricultural research and development institute bag 212, university campus, st augustine tel 868 645 12957. This is a big problem, because bananas are a staple food for more than 400 million people in the tropics. Banana black sigatoka disease horticulture and home pest news. The spread of the pathogen to areas where its occurrence was not yet detected is expected to happen in the near future. Black sigatoka definition is a serious leaf spot disease of bananas caused by an ascomycetous fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis and marked initially by small, dark brown streaks on the lower surface of the leaf. The black sigatoka, an even more ravaging plant disease, is related.
A fungicide is a specific type of pesticide used in controlling fungal diseases by inhibiting or killing the causal agent. Control of black sigatoka disease mycosphaerella fijiensis. Note that the spots have bright yellow haloes, or margins. In australia, the name black sigatoka has been adopted for easy differentiation from the endemic leaf spot disease, yellow sigatoka. Orozcosantos and others published black sigatoka disease mycosphaerella fijiensismorelet in mexico find, read and cite all the.
Effective control of black sigatoka disease using a. Reddishbrown and black streaks of black sigatoka, mycosphaerella fijiensis, on the upper surface of a leaf, with some developing white or tan centres where the spores are produced. Black sigatoka is a difficult and expensive disease to control. Lucias primary export and are an important local crop, providing a livelihood for many farmers.
Black sigatoka disease caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana disease worldwide. Research honorary fellow, bioversity international fao expert consultant on black sigatoka disease management food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Black sigatoka aka black leaf streak, caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis, and moko disease, caused by the bacterium ralstonia solancearum phylotype ii, are among the most destructive diseases of banana. Fungicides used in banana plantations the banana knowledge. The pathogen is in an invasive phase in brazil and is already present in most states of the country. According to historical data, papua new guinea is generally assumed to be the birthplace of the pathogen. Development of an integrated disease management programme for lak sigatoka disease page 4 project final report july 2014 december 2016 executive summary in banana and plantain cultivation, black sigatoka disease bsdcaused by the fungal pathogen, mycosphaerella fijiensisis devastating. It is one of the most destructive of all the leaf diseases of bananas. Black leaf streak of banana b lack leaf streak bls is caused by the plantpathogenic fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis.
Sigatoka leaf spot the banana knowledge platform of the. Yellow and black sigatoka are banana leaf diseases caused by fungi. This biocontrol agent has potential to control the disease and may be scaledup for. When planted in areas with plenty of sun, bananas are not all that hard to grow, but problems with banana plants are bound to crop up nonetheless. Black sigatoka disease caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis is the most severe banana.
Infection with black streak deaf can interrupt ripening, causing fruit to ripen prematurely and unevenly, and as a result becoming unsuitable for export. Sigatoka leaf spot diseases of bananas invo l ve two related ascomycetous fungi. Foure in collaboration with the promusa sigatoka working group 1 october 1997 back to musa disease fact sheets. The field guide will contain all the necessary information needed for a grower to detect the disease on time, evaluate disease encidence and available management practices to control the disease. The disease was first detected in the fiji islands but is currently present in all banana and plantain production areas worldwide etebu and youngharry, 2011. The sigatoka valley is known for its high production of vegetables, and thus referred to as fijis salad bowl. It is caused by a fungus, mycosphaerella fijiensis, and is characterized by leaf necroses that result in significant yield losses. Though the contribution of the banana industry to regional agriculture has.
A leaf spot disease is the most important of these problems. A holistic integrated management approach to control black. The plant is tall, tropical and treelike with a sturdy main pseudostem not a true stem as it is made of rolled leaf bases with the leaves arranged spirally at the top. Banana cultivation black sigatoka and panama disease. Final report for period july 2014 deemer 2016 development of an integrated disease management programme for black sigatoka disease funded by the caribbean development bank caribbean development bank project grant no. Black sigatoka mycosphaerella fijiensis the fungus that destroys banana plantations.
592 888 723 392 1436 681 1556 829 1041 1023 1319 1583 1033 1282 731 263 168 239 1122 1359 1317 311 1130 1035 266 725 738 1484 701 374 1301 1268 437 793